Hall did not notice (deliberately or otherwise) the huge and flourishing field of Black poetry that is now widely recognized. He was pretty siloed. But the point stands: innovation comes often from unexpected (to some, to others expected and long delayed) quarters.
"Surely, the burden of knowledge is more burdensome in science than in writing." Quite the opposite. The burden of Dante, Milton, Shakespeare etc already existing is far more problematic to poets than the existing scientific knowledge. Harold Bloom and The Anxiety of Influence is a good place to start for that.
Polish poet Juliusz Słowacki [1809-1849] wrote between 1843/4-1846? a mystical prose poem entitled “Genesis from the Spirit” published in 1871. If we reduce the mystical parts of the poem to a minimum and leave only the purely « objective » parts, we arrive at his poetic description of the “Big Bang” :
“…The Spirit… turned one point… of invisible space into a flash of Magnetic-Attractive Forces. And these turned into electric and lightning bolds – And they warmed up in the Spirit… You, Lord, forced him… to flash with destructive fire… You turned the Spirit… into a ball of fire and hung him on the abysses… And here… a circle spirits… he grabbed one handful of globes and swirled them around like a fiery rainbow… “
This is how poetic intuition could anticipate the scientific discoveries…
Just a fascinating read. Thank you for all of it--I will need to read it again. I do have an example for you about “divorcing” fields--the field of mechanotransduction. Happy to chat offline or here about it!
Working my way back through earlier posts here. The big question this wonderful work brings me to is obvious- why did the systems and incentives change so dramatically in the 1970s? This is also the turning point for job security of the middle classes, plus a whole lot of other social and economic trends that changed direction (usually for the worse). I would hazard a guess that the ultimate cause was the peak in US conventional oil production. If this is the case, then simply instructing people to organise systems the old way and realign incentives may not be enough. I am of the school that sees industrialisation as being a temporary blip in the longer churn of history. The complexity and fragility of industrial-style research science may not be sustainable for that much longer if this is the case. Looking forward to reading more of your back catalogue!
Thanks so much for writing this. The poetry section in particular is an excellent piece of evidence.
Another element you've surely thought about, but for the benefit of the audience: From Robin Hanson I learned how new peer review was, and how Einstein was skeptical of it--that's another part of the institutionalization of science that may end up slowing down science.
Garret, absolutely! I didn't address every human systems change in this piece one-by-one because -- as you're aware -- they're just so correlated and burueacracy often comes bundled in a nice little package. I left certain examples out that I've already addressed other places on the Substack.
It recounts the story of how journals were generally seen as a place to have the debate and not the place for the paper to go once the debate was settled. In that piece, Dirac and Bohr essentially tell Feynman "lol what is this theory?! You don't even understand physics" and Feynman's thoughts went something like "No...these old heads just don't get the theory at all. I'll publish it and we'll let the community decide who is right."
And it was all friendly because nobody's opinion could hold back your ideas from getting published. They just spoke frankly, that's all. It was healthy. Like when you argue with your friends who disagree with you over drinks.
I noticed some overlap here with Adam at Experimental History and his piece about peer review. When the older, established professors begin acting as gatekeepers to grant funding and publications you get more citations of older work and more incremental improvement type work.
There is also the explosion in number of researchers during this time. This raises the expectations of number of publications to get noticed for the next role. This leads to more ‘minimum publishable unit” papers and fewer big jumps. It’s tough to spend three years on a postdoctoral project that might not work at all.
I’ll need to read your post a second time to understand it better. But I have a tangential question about this quote from Freeman Dyson: “and it was made clear that they didn’t want me at their meetings. So, they regarded me, at first, as being on their side, but then afterwards they found I wasn’t.” This is very strange to me because we’re talking about mathematics, not something more “political.” What does “their side” represent?
I mean...a lot of internal scientific spats have certain flavors of taking sides that can be slightly political. I've heard people strongly identify as "bayesians" or "frequentists" for example.
Sometimes it can be hating that the other side's work even exists when things are really petty. But others it can take on more of a "they can't do anything for me/that interests me, yet they steal limited resources/positions that can be going to my side" sort of attitude.
You get the idea, I'm sure. Political in the sense of office politics.
Hall did not notice (deliberately or otherwise) the huge and flourishing field of Black poetry that is now widely recognized. He was pretty siloed. But the point stands: innovation comes often from unexpected (to some, to others expected and long delayed) quarters.
"Surely, the burden of knowledge is more burdensome in science than in writing." Quite the opposite. The burden of Dante, Milton, Shakespeare etc already existing is far more problematic to poets than the existing scientific knowledge. Harold Bloom and The Anxiety of Influence is a good place to start for that.
+1 on the reference to Bloom and Anxiety of Influence--- I agree with starting there.
Science vs Poetry :
Polish poet Juliusz Słowacki [1809-1849] wrote between 1843/4-1846? a mystical prose poem entitled “Genesis from the Spirit” published in 1871. If we reduce the mystical parts of the poem to a minimum and leave only the purely « objective » parts, we arrive at his poetic description of the “Big Bang” :
“…The Spirit… turned one point… of invisible space into a flash of Magnetic-Attractive Forces. And these turned into electric and lightning bolds – And they warmed up in the Spirit… You, Lord, forced him… to flash with destructive fire… You turned the Spirit… into a ball of fire and hung him on the abysses… And here… a circle spirits… he grabbed one handful of globes and swirled them around like a fiery rainbow… “
This is how poetic intuition could anticipate the scientific discoveries…
(see :
https://www.salon24.pl/u/edalward/1334289,big-bang-according-to-the-19th-century-polish-poet-j-slowacki )
Edward
Just a fascinating read. Thank you for all of it--I will need to read it again. I do have an example for you about “divorcing” fields--the field of mechanotransduction. Happy to chat offline or here about it!
Working my way back through earlier posts here. The big question this wonderful work brings me to is obvious- why did the systems and incentives change so dramatically in the 1970s? This is also the turning point for job security of the middle classes, plus a whole lot of other social and economic trends that changed direction (usually for the worse). I would hazard a guess that the ultimate cause was the peak in US conventional oil production. If this is the case, then simply instructing people to organise systems the old way and realign incentives may not be enough. I am of the school that sees industrialisation as being a temporary blip in the longer churn of history. The complexity and fragility of industrial-style research science may not be sustainable for that much longer if this is the case. Looking forward to reading more of your back catalogue!
Thanks so much for writing this. The poetry section in particular is an excellent piece of evidence.
Another element you've surely thought about, but for the benefit of the audience: From Robin Hanson I learned how new peer review was, and how Einstein was skeptical of it--that's another part of the institutionalization of science that may end up slowing down science.
Garret, absolutely! I didn't address every human systems change in this piece one-by-one because -- as you're aware -- they're just so correlated and burueacracy often comes bundled in a nice little package. I left certain examples out that I've already addressed other places on the Substack.
But I get into the way peer review used to be much more in-depth in this post: https://freaktakes.substack.com/p/feynman-on-journal-reviews-conferences
It recounts the story of how journals were generally seen as a place to have the debate and not the place for the paper to go once the debate was settled. In that piece, Dirac and Bohr essentially tell Feynman "lol what is this theory?! You don't even understand physics" and Feynman's thoughts went something like "No...these old heads just don't get the theory at all. I'll publish it and we'll let the community decide who is right."
And it was all friendly because nobody's opinion could hold back your ideas from getting published. They just spoke frankly, that's all. It was healthy. Like when you argue with your friends who disagree with you over drinks.
I noticed some overlap here with Adam at Experimental History and his piece about peer review. When the older, established professors begin acting as gatekeepers to grant funding and publications you get more citations of older work and more incremental improvement type work.
There is also the explosion in number of researchers during this time. This raises the expectations of number of publications to get noticed for the next role. This leads to more ‘minimum publishable unit” papers and fewer big jumps. It’s tough to spend three years on a postdoctoral project that might not work at all.
I’ll need to read your post a second time to understand it better. But I have a tangential question about this quote from Freeman Dyson: “and it was made clear that they didn’t want me at their meetings. So, they regarded me, at first, as being on their side, but then afterwards they found I wasn’t.” This is very strange to me because we’re talking about mathematics, not something more “political.” What does “their side” represent?
I mean...a lot of internal scientific spats have certain flavors of taking sides that can be slightly political. I've heard people strongly identify as "bayesians" or "frequentists" for example.
Sometimes it can be hating that the other side's work even exists when things are really petty. But others it can take on more of a "they can't do anything for me/that interests me, yet they steal limited resources/positions that can be going to my side" sort of attitude.
You get the idea, I'm sure. Political in the sense of office politics.